Council of the Realm

Council of the Realm
Consejo del Reino
	Coat of Arms
Formation	1947
Dissolved	1978
Legal status	Constitutional Body
Headquarters	Madrid
Caudillo	Francisco Franco
King	Juan Carlos I

The Council of the Realm (Spanish: Consejo del Reino) was a corporate organ of Francoist Spain, created by the Law of Succession to the Headship of the State of 1947. Within the institutional complex created to hierarchize the regime of Francisco Franco (the so-called "organic democracy"), was the high council that advised the Head of State in the decision making of its exclusive competence. An antecedent of the Council of the Realm is the institution of the same name that appears in the Draft Constitution of 1929 of the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera.

Composition

Permanent councilors:

the active officers of greater seniority from the Army, Navy and Air Force, by the same order.
the Chief of the Defence High Command (the General Staff).
the Roman Catholic prelate of greater hierarchy and seniority among those who were procurators in the Cortes Españolas.
the President of the Council of State.
the President of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice (the Supreme Court).
the President of the Institute of Spain.

Elective councilors, elected by vote by groups of procurators in the Cortes Españolas:

two councilors for the Local Administration Group.
two councilors for the National Councilors Group.
two councilors for the Family Representation Group.
two councilors for the Trade Union Organization Group.
one councilor for the University Rectors Group.
one councilor for the Professional Association Group.

The President of the Council of the Realm was the President of the Cortes Españolas, and was appointed by the Head of State from a list of three names presented by the Council of the Realm.

Functions

The function of the Council of the Realm was to provide the Head of State with a list of three names to elect a President of the Government from among them. Likewise, the Head of State needed the Council of the Realm to dissolve or extend the legislatures of the Cortes Españolas, dismiss the President of the Government, as well as many other functions.

Presidents

1947–1965: Esteban de Bilbao Eguía
1965–1969: Antonio Iturmendi Bañales
1969–1975: Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel
- Vice President: Joaquín Bau Nolla.^[1]^[2] As President of the Council of State (since 1965^[3]) Bau was councilor of the Realm.
1975–1977: Torcuato Fernández-Miranda
1977–1978: Antonio Hernández Gil [es] (president of the democratic Cortes).

Trajectory

During the life of Francisco Franco, the Council of the Realm was a pure formalism, because the only will was that of the Head of State.

With the accession of the King Juan Carlos I to the throne, the Council of the Realm facilitated the appointment of Adolfo Suárez as President of the Government, although also some councilors showed very reactionary positions to the Political Reform Act of 1977.

The democratic Cortes specified that this body would be dissolved after the promulgation of the Spanish Constitution of 1978.

References

^ In substitution of Agustín Muñoz Grandes, who died on 11 July 1970. See Decree 2266/1970, of August 4, appointing Joaquín Bau Nolla as Vice President of the Council of the Kingdom (BOE No. 187 of 06/08/1970).
^ Monserrat Cavaller 2001, p. 310, BOE 06.09.70, available here.
^ Monserrat Cavaller 2001, p. 283, BOE 30.10.65, available here.

[1] In substitution of Agustín Muñoz Grandes, who died on 11 July 1970. See Decree 2266/1970, of August 4, appointing Joaquín Bau Nolla as Vice President of the Council of the Kingdom (BOE No. 187 of 06/08/1970).

[2] Monserrat Cavaller 2001, p. 310, BOE 06.09.70, available here.

[3] Monserrat Cavaller 2001, p. 283, BOE 30.10.65, available here.

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